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融合Dijkstra和PID算法的室内移动机器人局部路径规划

Local Path Planning of Indoor Mobile Robot Based on Dijkstra and PID Algorithm

  • 摘要: 针对普通轮式机器人在室内难以通过狭小工作区域,易陷入局部区域无法完成导航的问题,提出一种麦克纳姆轮式机器人底盘的局部路径规划融合算法。借鉴麦克纳姆轮的优势,采用Dijkstra全局路径规划算法规划全局路径,融合Dijkstra和PID算法控制局部路径规划;根据姿态信息将机器人速度进行横向和纵向分解,限制旋转速度,在保持姿态不变的前提下驱动机器人实现稳定移动;使用搭载机器人操作系统的麦克纳姆轮式机器人进行导航测试试验,验证本文融合算法的有效性。结果表明:在复杂狭窄的室内环境下,本文算法可实现机器人的自主导航与避障,可成功地从设定的起点到达终点;与传统的时间弹性带(TEB)算法相比,本文算法在无障碍的环境中导航时间减少了30.56%,在有障碍物环境中导航成功率可提高4%,能够满足室内移动机器人快速到达导航目标点的需求。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at the problem that ordinary wheeled robots are difficult to pass through a narrow working area indoors, and are easily trapped in a local area and unable to complete navigation, a local path planning fusion algorithm for Mecanum wheeled robot chassis was proposed. Based on the advantages of the Mecanum wheel, the Dijkstra global path planning algorithm was used to plan the global path, and the Dijkstra and PID algorithms were combined to control the local path planning. According to the attitude information, the robot speed was decomposed laterally and vertically, the rotation speed was limited to drive the robot to achieve stable movement while keeping the attitude unchanged. The Mecanum wheeled robot equipped with the robot operating system was used for navigation test to verify the effectiveness of the fusion algorithm in this paper. The results show that in a complex and narrow indoor environment, the algorithm can achieve autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance of the robot, and can successfully reach the destination from the set starting point. Compared with the traditional time-elastic band (TEB) algorithm, the navigation time of this algorithm in an obstacle-free environment is reduced by 30.56%, and the navigation success rate in an obstacle environment is 4% higher, which can meet the demand of indoor mobile robots to reach the navigation target point quickly.

     

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