Abstract: PA6/vermiculite composites were prepared by cation exchange method and intercalation method with vermiculite powder and nylon 6 as main raw materials and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as modifier. The dispersion degree of vermiculite in the matrix and its influence on the mechanical properties of composites were analyzed. The results show that in the composites without modifiers, the dispersion of vermiculite is poor, and the interface compatibility with the matrix is poor, and the agglomerated vermiculite particles are obviously visible on the surface of the materials. In the composite added with modifiers, the vermiculite is uniformly dispersed in the matrix with small particle size, the composite surface is relatively flat, and the agglomerated vermiculite particles are significantly reduced. Without modification, the modulus of the composites increases significantly, with a maximum increase of 63.3%, but the breaking stress and elongation at break decrease after the mass fraction of vermiculite is more than 10%. After modification, the modulus of the composite is improved more significantly, with a maximum increase of 154.5%, and the breaking stress and elongation at break are also improved significantly.