Abstract: Based on the accident causation theory and 12 accident analysis reports of railway catenary workers of China National Railway Group Corporation, 22 influencing factors of unsafe behaviors of railway catenary workers identified from four dimensions, including organizational management, individual characteristics, production operations and social environment. Further, the interpretive structure model (ISM) was used to build the hierarchical structure model of influencing factors of unsafe behaviors among railway catenary workers. Then, the adjacency matrix and reachable matrix were calculated to reveal the hierarchical structure and interactions among influencing factors of unsafe behaviors of railway catenary workers. The results show that the physiological quality, psychological quality and adaptability are the surface-level fundamental factors influencing unsafe behaviors of railway catenary workers, 15 factors such as enterprise safety system, site organizational management and safety educational training are the middle-level indirect factors, and safety culture climate and safety implementation degree as well as public opinion supervision and national governance supervision are the deep-level root factors. It is recommended that policy makers design safety management policies from multiple levels, including individuals, teams (enterprises), families (society), and governments, with particular emphasis on the inhibitory effect of family support and persuasion, public opinion supervision and national safety supervision on the unsafe behaviors of railway catenary workers.