Abstract: The theoretical logic of the formation of MFI’s willingness to assist poverty-stricken households from the perspective of government bank association and principal-agent relationship was analyzed. Based on the current survey and analysis of MFI’s willingness to assist, the Ologit ranking model was used to empirically analyze the main factors affecting MFI’s willingness to assist. The results indicate that the government bank relationship based on ownership and management control, as well as the principal agent relationship in the credit assistance mechanism, are the main factors affecting MFI’s willingness to assist poverty-stricken households; The overall willingness of MFI to assist is relatively low, but the willingness of rural financial institution to assist is higher than that of commercial bank, and the willingness of traditional rural financial institutions is higher than that of new rural financial institutions; The government bank cooperation and credit assistance incentives will significantly promote MFI’s assistance to poverty-stricken households, and the risk of microcredit for poverty-stricken populations will significantly reduce MFI’s willingness to assist. The effectiveness of assistance and the sustainability of poverty alleviation microcredit have a positive impact on promoting assistance. So it is necessary to clarify the social responsibility of MFI, further optimize the incentive mechanism of microcredit policies, implement differentiated incentive and constraint policies for different types of MFI, and improve the production and income generation ability and credit awareness of poverty-stricken households.