Abstract: Using low-calcium high-strength clinker cement concrete and crushed stone as raw materials to prepare low-calcium high-strength clinker cement concrete, freeze-thaw and solution immersion tests were conducted to study the concrete’s performance under freeze-thaw cycles and combined freeze-thaw-dissolution conditions. Key damage indicators, including mass loss rate, relative dynamic elastic modulus, and calcium ion leaching rate, were measured to analyze the macroscopic damage behavior and microstructural deterioration of the concrete under both single freeze-thaw and combined freeze-thaw-dissolution effects. Based on Weibull distribution theory, a damage model was established to evaluate the failure probability of concrete under freeze-thaw-dissolution conditions. The results show that compared to ordinary cement concrete, low-calcium high-strength clinker cement concrete exhibits a higher mass loss rate under combined freeze-thaw-dissolution effects, but significantly lower reductions in relative dynamic elastic modulus, calcium ion leaching rate, and microstructural damage. The evolution of the three damage indicators for both types of concrete follows the Weibull distribution model, with low-calcium high-strength clinker cement concrete demonstrating superior freeze-thaw resistance and dissolution resistance under the same number of freeze-thaw cycles.