Abstract: The standard annular sandstone specimens with a central hole (outer diameter: 50 mm, inner diameter: 10 mm) were investigated. A 28 d corrosion test in acidic (pH=5) and alkaline (pH=9) solutions was conducted to analyze the evolution of physical parameters, mineral composition, and microstructure under different corrosive environments. The coupling relationship between acid-alkali corrosion and the physicochemical damage mechanism of sandstone, as well as dynamic mechanical behavior, was explored using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) dynamic impact compression tests.The results show that the acidic environment primarily induces the dissolution of cations such as Na⁺, Al³⁺, and Fe³⁺, accompanied by the formation of white silicic acid (H₂SiO₃⁻) precipitates, while the alkaline environment mainly generates soluble products such as Al(OH)₄⁻ and H₂SiO₄²⁻. The dynamic compressive strength and dynamic elastic modulus of the specimens increase exponentially with impact velocity, whereas the dynamic peak strain and average strain rate follow a quadratic growth pattern. The dynamic compressive strength and elastic modulus under alkaline corrosion are superior to those under acidic corrosion, but all dynamic mechanical performance parameters in both acidic and alkaline environments exhibit significant degradation compared to those in a neutral environment. Furthermore, as the impact velocity increases, the fragmentation degree of the specimens intensifies, and the average particle size of the fragments decreases. These findings reveal the damage accumulation mechanism of holed sandstone under chemo-mechanical coupling effects, providing a theoretical basis for evaluating the long-term stability of underground rock masses.