Abstract: Selecting the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study for a retrospective analysis, based on the framework of the theory of planned behavior, a hypothetical model was proposed, from two perspectives of the inherent characteristics of the epidemic prevention and control policies and the external environment. Utilizing retrospective survey data from 510 respondents, structural equation Modeling was employed to empirically analyze the factors influencing public compliance intentions with policies, exploring the mechanisms affecting compliance intentions with major pandemic control policies. The results indicate that the inherent characteristics of policies, the external environment of policies, behavioral attitudes, and subjective norms all have a significant positive impact on the public compliance intentions. Moreover, behavioral attitudes play relatively significant mediating role between the inherent characteristics of policies, the external environment of policies, subjective norms, and public compliance intention. Based on the research findings, to provide more precise and scientific decision-making bases for enhancing public compliance intentions with pandemic control policies, it is recommended to improve the design and implementation procedures of epidemic prevention and control policies, optimize the external environment of the policies, strengthen the positive guidance of behavioral attitudes, and deepen the analysis and application of data results. This research not only deepens the understanding of mechanisms influencing compliance intentions with pandemic control policies but also provides valuable insights and references for formulating more effective and targeted pandemic control policies in the future.