Abstract: Based on the data of China’s A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2023, the customer strategic alliance indicator was constructed using python text analysis methods, and the enterprise’s new quality productivity level was measured by the entropy method. The relationship between customer strategic alliances and new quality productivity was empirically examined. Grounded in resource-based theory and principal-agent theory, the mechanisms were further revealed from two aspects: digital transformation and managerial myopia, while heterogeneity analysis was conducted based on regional distribution and managerial capability. The results demonstrate that customer strategic alliances are shown to significantly enhance the level of new quality productivity in enterprises. The primary mechanisms are identified as the improvement of digital transformation and the mitigation of managerial myopia. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that this promoting effect is more pronounced among enterprises in eastern regions and those with higher management capabilities, while exhibiting weaker impacts on central and western region enterprises.Based on the empirical findings, it is recommended that enterprises deepen the application of digital technologies and strengthen management team building to foster the development momentum of new quality productivity. Simultaneously, governments are advised to optimize the business environment and formulate incentive policies to facilitate supply chain collaborative innovation, thereby establishing an innovation-driven development system featuring government-enterprise synergy.