Abstract: To ensure the stable supply and safe recycling of fuel for the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) and future fusion reactors, it is imperative to address common issues in existing deuterium storage materials, such as sluggish hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics, severe hydrogen-induced disproportionation, and poor cycling stability.In this review, the research progress of typical hydrogen storage alloys, including zirconium-based, titanium-based, vanadium-based, and multi-component alloys, in deuterium storage applications for fusion reactors was systematically surveyed. The influence of alloy composition, crystal structure, defect density, phase composition, and microstructure on thermodynamic equilibrium pressure, kinetic behavior, anti-disproportionation performance, and cycling lifespan, as well as their underlying mechanisms, were critically analyzed. Additionally, the main strategies for performance optimization were summarized from the perspectives of elemental substitution and structural regulation. On this basis, the current applications of machine learning-assisted alloy composition design and first-principles calculations in guiding component screening and mechanistic analysis for the development of novel deuterium/hydrogen storage alloys were further discussed. This review aims to clarify the fundamental scientific challenges and key technological bottlenecks in the application of hydrogen storage alloys for fusion reactor fuel recycling, with the goal of providing theoretical references for the rational design and engineering application of high-performance deuterium storage materials in advanced fusion reactors.