Abstract: In the term of human capital Gini coefficient, based on the statistical data of the population, GDP and education years of Anhui province and 6 cities in northern Anhui province from 2011 to 2015, the panel data model of "Human capital Gini coefficient-regional economy" was employed to study the influence of human capital distribution structure on economic growth. The results show that human capital Gini coefficient has negative relationship with the average education years, and the distribution of human capital structure is an important factor affecting regional economic growth.