Abstract: Selecting 10 provinces (autonous regions and municipalities) with the same data and statistics as the research objects, based on the relevant data of science and technology service industry in 2010-2017, the development efficiency of science and technology service industry and its influencing factors were empirically analyzed through the evaluation of data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and Malmquist index. The results show that the development of science and technology service industry exists obvious "Matthew effect", the government's policy orientation is obvious, and a good market mechanism has not yet been established. There is a spatial spillover effect in the development of science and technology service industry of neighboring regions, but there are still shortcomings in talents, management experience and ability to integrate existing technologies with the development of science and technology service industry. The limitation of science and technology service resources limits the synchronous growth of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, and the two change in a trend of "replacing each other".