Abstract: For the problem of weak shear performance of the interlayer structure of cement concrete bridge deck pavement, the shear performances of the leveling layer and asphalt interlayer structure were simulated by ABAQUS finite element software. At the same time, the influences of the vertical uniform load and the horizontal load were considered, and the correlation was established with the interlayer shear strength of bridge deck pavement. The results show that the longitudinal shear stress of cement concrete deck pavement has great influence on the composite shear stress, the slope of the composite maximum shear stress regression line of the interstorey structure under horizontal load is greater than that of the interstorey structure under vertical load, and compared with the vertical load, the horizontal load has more significant effect on the composite maximum shear stress between layers. The interlayer shear strength of SBS modified asphalt synchronous crushed stone sealing layer used as waterproof bond layer for bridge deck pavement is larger than that of SBS modified asphalt under the action of the same vertical load, and the interlayer structure is safer.