Deformation Behavior of Inclusion in Steel During Wheel Forming

In order to study the evolution behavior of inclusions in the preforming process of the wheel, the cross-scale finite element method was used to establish the two-dimensional axisymmetric macro-model of the wheel preforming and the micro-model of the volume element containing inclusions. The deformation of inclusion was simulated, and the influence of inclusion deformation resistance on inclusion deformation was investigated. The results show that the degree of inclusion deformation has a negative correlation with the relative deformation resistance λ value. At position B of the wheel tread down 23.3 mm, the strain concentration occurs in both the hard inclusion (λ=2) and the soft inclusion (λ=1/2), the maximum equivalent strain of the former is 3.85 and the maximum equivalent strain of the latter is 1.67. The circumferential and axial inclusions have the maximum size at the position B of the wheel tread down 23.3 mm, and the circumferential and radial inclusions have the maximum size at position A of the wheel tread down 35.4 mm, and at positions C and D of the rim, the flaw detection from the direction of vertical maximum dimension is beneficial to identify the inclusion size.